feat: refactor to proper app + write tests

.editorconfig

@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ dotnet_diagnostic.CA1707.severity = none
 dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0058.severity = none
 dotnet_diagnostic.CA2007.severity = none
 dotnet_diagnostic.CA1515.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0100.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0046.severity = none
 
 # var preferences
 csharp_style_var_elsewhere = true:suggestion

src/BGR.Console.Tests/BGR.Console.Tests.csproj

@@ -11,9 +11,14 @@
       <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
       <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
     </PackageReference>
+    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.msbuild" Version="6.0.4">
+      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
+      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
+    </PackageReference>
     <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.20.72" />
     <PackageReference Include="Shouldly" Version="4.3.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.12.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Spectre.Console.Testing" Version="0.49.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="2.9.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.0.1">
       <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
@@ -25,14 +30,14 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <CollectCoverage>true</CollectCoverage>
-    <CoverletOutput>./TestResults/coverage/</CoverletOutput>
+    <CoverletOutput>./TestResults/Coverage/</CoverletOutput>
     <CoverletOutputFormat>cobertura</CoverletOutputFormat>
     <Include>[BGR.Console]*</Include>
     <ExcludeByFile>**/Program.cs</ExcludeByFile>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <Target Name="GenerateHtmlCoverageReport" AfterTargets="GenerateCoverageResultAfterTest">
-    <Exec Command="reportgenerator -reports:./TestResults/coverage/*.xml -targetdir:./TestResults/coverage/report/ -reporttypes:Html_Dark" />
+    <Exec Command="reportgenerator -reports:./TestResults/Coverage/*.xml -targetdir:./TestResults/Coverage/Report/ -reporttypes:Html_Dark" />
   </Target>
 
   <ItemGroup>

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Integration/AppFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Integration;
+
+internal static class AppFactory
+{
+  public static CommandApp<RemovalCommand> Create()
+  {
+    return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder()
+    .ConfigureLogging(static logging => logging.ClearProviders())
+    .ConfigureServices(static (_, services) =>
+    {
+      services.AddSingleton<IAnsiConsole>(new TestConsole());
+      services.AddSingleton<IResourceManager, ResourceManager>();
+      services.AddSingleton<ImageProcessor, ImageSharpProcessor>();
+      services.AddSingleton<IInferenceRunner, OnnxInferenceRunner>();
+      services.AddSingleton<IModelFactory, ModelFactory>();
+    })
+    .BuildApp();
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Integration/RemovalCommandTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Integration;
+
+public class RemovalCommandTests
+{
+  private readonly CommandApp<RemovalCommand> _app = AppFactory.Create();
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task RunAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldRemoveImageBackground()
+  {
+    var imagePath = $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.png";
+    var outputPath = $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.png";
+
+    using var testImage = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+    await testImage.SaveAsPngAsync(imagePath);
+
+    var result = await _app.RunAsync([imagePath, "--model", "u2net", "--output", outputPath]);
+
+    result.ShouldBe(0);
+    File.Exists(outputPath).ShouldBeTrue();
+
+    File.Delete(imagePath);
+    File.Delete(outputPath);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/ImageSharpProcessorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class ImageSharpProcessorTests : IDisposable
+{
+  private const string TestImagePath = "test.jpg";
+  private bool _isDisposed;
+  private readonly ImageSharpProcessor _sut = new();
+  private readonly Mock<Model> _modelMock = new();
+  private readonly Stream _testImageStream;
+
+  public ImageSharpProcessorTests()
+  {
+    if (File.Exists(TestImagePath) is false)
+    {
+      using var testImage = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+      testImage.SaveAsJpeg(TestImagePath);
+    }
+
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.InputWidth).Returns(320);
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.InputHeight).Returns(320);
+
+    var stream = new MemoryStream();
+    using var image = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+
+    for (var y = 0; y < image.Height; y++)
+    {
+      for (var x = 0; x < image.Width; x++)
+      {
+        image[x, y] = new Rgba32((byte)x, (byte)y, 128, 255);
+      }
+    }
+
+    image.SaveAsPng(stream);
+    stream.Position = 0;
+    _testImageStream = stream;
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task LoadImageAsync_WhenCalledWithValidPath_ItShouldReturnImage()
+  {
+    var result = await _sut.LoadImageAsync(TestImagePath);
+
+    result.ShouldBeOfType<SharpImage>();
+    result.ShouldNotBeNull();
+    result.Width.ShouldBe(100);
+    result.Height.ShouldBe(100);
+    result.Data.Length.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task LoadImageAsync_WhenCalledWithValidPath_ItShouldReturnReusableStream()
+  {
+    var result = await _sut.LoadImageAsync(TestImagePath);
+
+    result.Data.Position.ShouldBe(0);
+    result.Data.CanRead.ShouldBeTrue();
+
+    var buffer = new byte[100];
+    await result.Data.ReadExactlyAsync(buffer);
+
+    result.Data.Position = 0;
+    await result.Data.ReadExactlyAsync(buffer);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task CreateTensorInputAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldResizeImageToModelDimensions()
+  {
+    const int modelWidth = 64;
+    const int modelHeight = 48;
+
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.InputWidth).Returns(modelWidth);
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.InputHeight).Returns(modelHeight);
+
+    var result = await _sut.CreateTensorInputAsync(_testImageStream, _modelMock.Object);
+
+    result.Width.ShouldBe(modelWidth);
+    result.Height.ShouldBe(modelHeight);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task CreateTensorInputAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldCreateTensorWithCorrectDimensions()
+  {
+    var result = await _sut.CreateTensorInputAsync(_testImageStream, _modelMock.Object);
+
+    result.ShouldBeOfType<OnnxTensor>();
+    Should.NotThrow(() => result.GetValue(0, 2, 0, 0));
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task CreateTensorInputAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldNormalizePixelValues()
+  {
+    var normalizedValue = 0.5f;
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.NormalizeRed(It.IsAny<float>())).Returns(normalizedValue);
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.NormalizeGreen(It.IsAny<float>())).Returns(normalizedValue);
+    _modelMock.Setup(static x => x.NormalizeBlue(It.IsAny<float>())).Returns(normalizedValue);
+
+    var result = await _sut.CreateTensorInputAsync(_testImageStream, _modelMock.Object);
+
+    for (var y = 0; y < result.Height; y++)
+    {
+      for (var x = 0; x < result.Width; x++)
+      {
+        result.GetValue(0, 0, y, x).ShouldBe(normalizedValue); // Red
+        result.GetValue(0, 1, y, x).ShouldBe(normalizedValue); // Green
+        result.GetValue(0, 2, y, x).ShouldBe(normalizedValue); // Blue
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task CreateTensorInputAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldCallNormalizeForEachChannel()
+  {
+    await _sut.CreateTensorInputAsync(_testImageStream, _modelMock.Object);
+
+    _modelMock.Verify(static x => x.NormalizeRed(It.IsAny<float>()), Times.AtLeast(1));
+    _modelMock.Verify(static x => x.NormalizeGreen(It.IsAny<float>()), Times.AtLeast(1));
+    _modelMock.Verify(static x => x.NormalizeBlue(It.IsAny<float>()), Times.AtLeast(1));
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task GenerateMaskAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldCreateMaskWithCorrectDimensions()
+  {
+    const int width = 64;
+    const int height = 48;
+
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(1, 1, height, width);
+    var stream = await _sut.GenerateMaskAsync(tensor, width, height);
+
+    using var mask = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(stream);
+
+    mask.Width.ShouldBe(width);
+    mask.Height.ShouldBe(height);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task GenerateMaskAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldCreateGreyscaleMask()
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(1, 1, 100, 100);
+    var stream = await _sut.GenerateMaskAsync(tensor, 100, 100);
+
+    using var mask = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(stream);
+
+    for (var y = 0; y < mask.Height; y++)
+    {
+      for (var x = 0; x < mask.Width; x++)
+      {
+        // we expect the mask to be greyscale
+        // so R, G, B should be equal
+        mask[x, y].R.ShouldBe(mask[x, y].G);
+        mask[x, y].G.ShouldBe(mask[x, y].B);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task RemoveBackgroundAsync_WithValidImageAndMask_ShouldReturnProcessedStream()
+  {
+    var width = 2;
+    var height = 2;
+
+    using var imageStream = new MemoryStream();
+    using var image = new Image<Rgba32>(width, height);
+
+    for (var x = 0; x < width; x++)
+    {
+      for (var y = 0; y < height; y++)
+      {
+        image[x, y] = new Rgba32(255, 0, 0, 255); // Red pixels
+      }
+    }
+
+    await image.SaveAsPngAsync(imageStream);
+    imageStream.Position = 0;
+
+    using var maskStream = new MemoryStream();
+    using var mask = new Image<Rgba32>(width, height);
+
+    mask[0, 0] = new Rgba32(0, 0, 0, 255);
+    mask[0, 1] = new Rgba32(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    mask[1, 0] = new Rgba32(255, 255, 255, 255);
+    mask[1, 1] = new Rgba32(255, 255, 255, 255);
+
+    await mask.SaveAsPngAsync(maskStream);
+    maskStream.Position = 0;
+
+    var result = await _sut.RemoveBackgroundAsync(imageStream, maskStream);
+
+    result.ShouldNotBeNull();
+    result.Length.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    result.Position = 0;
+    using var resultImage = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(result);
+    resultImage.Width.ShouldBe(width);
+    resultImage.Height.ShouldBe(height);
+
+    resultImage[0, 0].A.ShouldBe((byte)0);
+
+    resultImage[0, 1].R.ShouldBe((byte)255);
+    resultImage[0, 1].A.ShouldBe((byte)255);
+    resultImage[1, 0].R.ShouldBe((byte)255);
+    resultImage[1, 0].A.ShouldBe((byte)255);
+    resultImage[1, 1].R.ShouldBe((byte)255);
+    resultImage[1, 1].A.ShouldBe((byte)255);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public async Task SaveImageAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldSaveImageToDiskAtProvidedPath()
+  {
+    using var image = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+    var stream = new MemoryStream();
+    await image.SaveAsPngAsync(stream);
+
+    var path = $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.png";
+    await _sut.SaveImageAsync(stream, path);
+
+    File.Exists(path).ShouldBeTrue();
+    File.Delete(path);
+  }
+
+  public void Dispose()
+  {
+    Dispose(true);
+    GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+  }
+
+  protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+  {
+    if (_isDisposed)
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (disposing)
+    {
+      File.Delete(TestImagePath);
+      _testImageStream.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    _isDisposed = true;
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/ModNetModelTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class ModNetModelTests
+{
+  private readonly byte[] _sampleModelBytes = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+  private readonly ModNetModel _sut;
+
+  public ModNetModelTests()
+  {
+    _sut = new ModNetModel(_sampleModelBytes);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Id_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnModNetId()
+  {
+    ModNetModel.Id.ShouldBe("modnet");
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void InputWidth_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturn512()
+  {
+    _sut.InputWidth.ShouldBe(512);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void InputHeight_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturn512()
+  {
+    _sut.InputHeight.ShouldBe(512);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void RedNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.RedNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.485f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void GreenNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.GreenNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.456f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void BlueNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.BlueNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.406f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void RedNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.RedNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.229f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void GreenNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.GreenNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.224f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void BlueNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.BlueNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.225f);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/ModelFactoryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class ModelFactoryTests
+{
+  private readonly Mock<IResourceManager> _resourceManagerMock;
+  private readonly ModelFactory _sut;
+  private readonly byte[] _sampleModelBytes = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+
+  public ModelFactoryTests()
+  {
+    _resourceManagerMock = new Mock<IResourceManager>();
+    _sut = new ModelFactory(_resourceManagerMock.Object);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData("u2net.onnx", typeof(U2NetModel))]
+  [InlineData("rmbg.onnx", typeof(RmbgModel))]
+  [InlineData("modnet.onnx", typeof(ModNetModel))]
+  public void Create_WhenCalledWithValidModelName_ItShouldReturnCorrectModelType(string resourceName, Type expectedType)
+  {
+    SetupResourceManagerMock(resourceName);
+
+    var result = _sut.Create(resourceName);
+
+    result.ShouldBeOfType(expectedType);
+    VerifyResourceManagerCalled(resourceName);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Create_WhenCalledWithUnknownModel_ItShouldThrowArgumentException()
+  {
+    var resourceName = "unknown.onnx";
+    SetupResourceManagerMock(resourceName);
+
+    var exception = Should.Throw<ArgumentException>(() => _sut.Create(resourceName));
+
+    exception.Message.ShouldBe($"Unknown model name: {resourceName}");
+    VerifyResourceManagerCalled(resourceName);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Create_WhenCalledWithU2NetModel_ItShouldReadTheResourceStreamToTheEnd()
+  {
+    var resourceName = $"{U2NetModel.Id}.onnx";
+    var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(_sampleModelBytes);
+
+    _resourceManagerMock.Setup(x => x.GetResource(resourceName))
+        .Returns(memoryStream);
+
+    _sut.Create(resourceName);
+
+    memoryStream.Position.ShouldBe(memoryStream.Length);
+  }
+
+  private void SetupResourceManagerMock(string resourceName)
+  {
+    var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(_sampleModelBytes);
+
+    _resourceManagerMock.Setup(x => x.GetResource(resourceName))
+      .Returns(memoryStream);
+  }
+
+  private void VerifyResourceManagerCalled(string resourceName)
+  {
+    _resourceManagerMock.Verify(x => x.GetResource(resourceName), Times.Once);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/ModelTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class ModelTests
+{
+  internal sealed class TestModel(byte[] modelBytes) : Model(modelBytes)
+  {
+    public override int InputWidth => 100;
+    public override int InputHeight => 100;
+    public override float RedNormalizationMean => 0.5f;
+    public override float GreenNormalizationMean => 0.5f;
+    public override float BlueNormalizationMean => 0.5f;
+    public override float RedNormalizationStd => 0.25f;
+    public override float GreenNormalizationStd => 0.25f;
+    public override float BlueNormalizationStd => 0.25f;
+  }
+
+  private readonly byte[] _sampleBytes = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+  private readonly TestModel _sut;
+  private const float Delta = 0.00001f;
+
+  public ModelTests()
+  {
+    _sut = new TestModel(_sampleBytes);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(0f)]
+  [InlineData(127.5f)]
+  [InlineData(255f)]
+  public void NormalizeRed_WhenCalled_ItShouldNormalizeCorrectly(float value)
+  {
+    var result = _sut.NormalizeRed(value);
+
+    var expected = ((value / 255f) - _sut.RedNormalizationMean) / _sut.RedNormalizationStd;
+    result.ShouldBe(expected, Delta);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(0f)]
+  [InlineData(127.5f)]
+  [InlineData(255f)]
+  public void NormalizeGreen_WhenCalled_ItShouldNormalizeCorrectly(float value)
+  {
+    var result = _sut.NormalizeGreen(value);
+
+    var expected = ((value / 255f) - _sut.GreenNormalizationMean) / _sut.GreenNormalizationStd;
+    result.ShouldBe(expected, Delta);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(0f)]
+  [InlineData(127.5f)]
+  [InlineData(255f)]
+  public void NormalizeBlue_WhenCalled_ItShouldNormalizeCorrectly(float value)
+  {
+    var result = _sut.NormalizeBlue(value);
+
+    var expected = ((value / 255f) - _sut.BlueNormalizationMean) / _sut.BlueNormalizationStd;
+    result.ShouldBe(expected, Delta);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(-1f)]
+  [InlineData(256f)]
+  public void NormalizeRed_WhenCalledWithOutOfRangeValues_ItShouldStillNormalize(float value)
+  {
+    var result = _sut.NormalizeRed(value);
+
+    var expected = ((value / 255f) - _sut.RedNormalizationMean) / _sut.RedNormalizationStd;
+    result.ShouldBe(expected, Delta);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(-1f)]
+  [InlineData(256f)]
+  public void NormalizeGreen_WhenCalledWithOutOfRangeValues_ItShouldStillNormalize(float value)
+  {
+    var result = _sut.NormalizeGreen(value);
+
+    var expected = ((value / 255f) - _sut.GreenNormalizationMean) / _sut.GreenNormalizationStd;
+    result.ShouldBe(expected, Delta);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(-1f)]
+  [InlineData(256f)]
+  public void NormalizeBlue_WhenCalledWithOutOfRangeValues_ItShouldStillNormalize(float value)
+  {
+    var result = _sut.NormalizeBlue(value);
+
+    var expected = ((value / 255f) - _sut.BlueNormalizationMean) / _sut.BlueNormalizationStd;
+    result.ShouldBe(expected, Delta);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/OnnxInferenceRunnerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+using Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Tensors;
+
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class OnnxInferenceRunnerTests
+{
+  private const string TestModel = "u2net.onnx";
+  private readonly ResourceManager _resourceManager = new();
+  private readonly OnnxInferenceRunner _sut = new();
+  private readonly byte[] _sampleModelBytes;
+  private readonly Mock<ITensor<float>> _mockInputTensor = new();
+
+  public OnnxInferenceRunnerTests()
+  {
+    var modelStream = _resourceManager.GetResource(TestModel);
+    var modelBytes = new byte[modelStream.Length];
+    modelStream.ReadExactly(modelBytes);
+    _sampleModelBytes = modelBytes;
+
+    _mockInputTensor
+      .Setup(static x => x.ToTensor())
+      .Returns(new DenseTensor<float>([1, 3, 320, 320]));
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Run_WhenCalledWithValidInput_ItShouldReturnOutput()
+  {
+    var result = _sut.Run(_sampleModelBytes, _mockInputTensor.Object);
+
+    result.ShouldBeOfType<OnnxTensor>();
+    result.ShouldNotBeNull();
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/OnnxTensorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+using BGR.Console.Removal.Onnx;
+
+using Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime.Tensors;
+
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class OnnxTensorTests
+{
+  private const int DefaultBatchSize = 1;
+  private const int DefaultChannels = 3;
+  private const int DefaultHeight = 4;
+  private const int DefaultWidth = 5;
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalledWithDimensions_ItShouldCreateTensorWithCorrectDimensions()
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth);
+
+    tensor.Height.ShouldBe(DefaultHeight);
+    tensor.Width.ShouldBe(DefaultWidth);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalledWithExistingTensor_ItShouldCreateTensorWithSameDimensions()
+  {
+    var existingTensor = new DenseTensor<float>([DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth]);
+
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(existingTensor);
+
+    tensor.Height.ShouldBe(DefaultHeight);
+    tensor.Width.ShouldBe(DefaultWidth);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0f)]
+  [InlineData(0, 1, 2, 3, 2.5f)]
+  [InlineData(0, 2, 3, 4, -1.0f)]
+  public void SetValue_WhenCalledWithValidValues_ItShouldSetCorrectValueAtPosition(int batch, int channel, int y, int x, float expectedValue)
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth);
+
+    tensor.SetValue(batch, channel, y, x, expectedValue);
+    var actualValue = tensor.GetValue(batch, channel, y, x);
+
+    actualValue.ShouldBe(expectedValue);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(0, 0, 0, 0, 1.0f)]
+  [InlineData(0, 1, 2, 3, 2.5f)]
+  [InlineData(0, 2, 3, 4, -1.0f)]
+  public void GetValue_WhenCalledWithValidValues_ItShouldReturnCorrectValue(int batch, int channel, int y, int x, float value)
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth);
+    tensor.SetValue(batch, channel, y, x, value);
+
+    var result = tensor.GetValue(batch, channel, y, x);
+
+    result.ShouldBe(value);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void ToTensor_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnUnderlyingTensor()
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth);
+    const float testValue = 42.0f;
+    tensor.SetValue(0, 0, 0, 0, testValue);
+
+    var result = tensor.ToTensor();
+
+    result.ShouldBeOfType<DenseTensor<float>>();
+    result[0, 0, 0, 0].ShouldBe(testValue);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(-1, 0, 0, 0)]
+  [InlineData(1, 3, 0, 0)]
+  [InlineData(0, 0, 4, 0)]
+  [InlineData(0, 0, 0, 5)]
+  public void SetValue_WhenCalledWithInvalidIndices_ItShouldThrowIndexOutOfRangeException(int batch, int channel, int y, int x)
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth);
+
+    try
+    {
+      tensor.SetValue(batch, channel, y, x, 0);
+    }
+    catch (IndexOutOfRangeException ex)
+    {
+      ex.Message.ShouldBe("Index was outside the bounds of the array.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(-1, 0, 0, 0)]
+  [InlineData(1, 3, 0, 0)]
+  [InlineData(0, 0, 4, 0)]
+  [InlineData(0, 0, 0, 5)]
+  public void GetValue_WhenCalledWithInvalidIndices_ItShouldThrowIndexOutOfRangeException(int batch, int channel, int y, int x)
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(DefaultBatchSize, DefaultChannels, DefaultHeight, DefaultWidth);
+
+    try
+    {
+      tensor.GetValue(batch, channel, y, x);
+    }
+    catch (IndexOutOfRangeException ex)
+    {
+      ex.Message.ShouldBe("Index was outside the bounds of the array.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalledWithZeroDimension_ItShouldCreateEmptyTensor()
+  {
+    var tensor = new OnnxTensor(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    tensor.Height.ShouldBe(0);
+    tensor.Width.ShouldBe(0);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/RemovalCommandTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+using Spectre.Console.Cli;
+
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class RemovalCommandTests : IDisposable
+{
+  private bool _isDisposed;
+  private readonly Mock<IModelFactory> _modelFactoryMock = new();
+  private readonly Mock<ImageProcessor> _imageProcessorMock = new();
+  private readonly Mock<IInferenceRunner> _inferenceRunnerMock = new();
+  private readonly TestConsole _console = new();
+  private readonly Mock<ILogger<RemovalCommand>> _loggerMock = new();
+  private readonly RemovalCommand _sut;
+
+  public RemovalCommandTests()
+  {
+    _sut = new RemovalCommand(
+      _modelFactoryMock.Object,
+      _imageProcessorMock.Object,
+      _inferenceRunnerMock.Object,
+      _console,
+      _loggerMock.Object
+    );
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData("output.png", false)]
+  [InlineData("", true)]
+  public async Task ExecuteAsync_WhenCalled_ItShouldProcessImage(string outputPath, bool includeMask)
+  {
+    var imagePath = $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.png";
+
+    using var testImage = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+    await testImage.SaveAsPngAsync(imagePath);
+
+    var resourceName = "u2net.onnx";
+
+    var settings = new RemovalCommand.Settings()
+    {
+      Image = imagePath,
+      Model = "u2net",
+      IncludeMask = includeMask,
+      Output = outputPath,
+    };
+
+    var model = new U2NetModel([1, 2, 3]);
+    var image = new SharpImage(100, 100, new MemoryStream());
+    var inputTensor = new OnnxTensor(1, 3, 320, 320);
+    var outputTensor = new OnnxTensor(1, 1, 320, 320);
+    var maskStream = new MemoryStream();
+    var outputStream = new MemoryStream();
+
+    _modelFactoryMock
+      .Setup(m => m.Create(resourceName))
+      .Returns(model);
+
+    _imageProcessorMock
+      .Setup(p => p.LoadImageAsync(imagePath))
+      .ReturnsAsync(image);
+
+    _imageProcessorMock
+      .Setup(p => p.CreateTensorInputAsync(image.Data, model))
+      .ReturnsAsync(inputTensor);
+
+    _inferenceRunnerMock
+      .Setup(r => r.Run(model.Bytes, inputTensor))
+      .Returns(outputTensor);
+
+    _imageProcessorMock
+      .Setup(p => p.GenerateMaskAsync(outputTensor, image.Width, image.Height))
+      .ReturnsAsync(maskStream);
+
+    _imageProcessorMock
+      .Setup(p => p.RemoveBackgroundAsync(image.Data, maskStream))
+      .ReturnsAsync(outputStream);
+
+    var commandContext = new CommandContext(
+      [],
+      new Mock<IRemainingArguments>().Object,
+      "test",
+      new object()
+    );
+
+    var result = await _sut.ExecuteAsync(commandContext, settings);
+
+    result.ShouldBe(0);
+
+    _modelFactoryMock.Verify(m => m.Create(resourceName), Times.Once);
+    _imageProcessorMock.Verify(p => p.LoadImageAsync(imagePath), Times.Once);
+    _imageProcessorMock.Verify(p => p.CreateTensorInputAsync(image.Data, model), Times.Once);
+    _inferenceRunnerMock.Verify(r => r.Run(model.Bytes, inputTensor), Times.Once);
+    _imageProcessorMock.Verify(p => p.GenerateMaskAsync(outputTensor, image.Width, image.Height), Times.Once);
+    _imageProcessorMock.Verify(p => p.RemoveBackgroundAsync(image.Data, maskStream), Times.Once);
+    _imageProcessorMock.Verify(p => p.SaveImageAsync(outputStream, It.IsAny<string>()), Times.AtLeastOnce);
+
+    File.Delete(imagePath);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Validate_WhenCalledAndFileDoesNotExist_ItShouldReturnError()
+  {
+    var settings = new RemovalCommand.Settings()
+    {
+      Image = "invalid.png",
+      Model = "u2net",
+      IncludeMask = false,
+      Output = "output.png",
+    };
+
+    var result = settings.Validate();
+
+    result.Successful.ShouldBeFalse();
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Validate_WhenCalledAndModelIsInvalid_ItShouldReturnError()
+  {
+    var imagePath = $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.png";
+
+    using var testImage = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+    testImage.SaveAsPng(imagePath);
+
+    var settings = new RemovalCommand.Settings()
+    {
+      Image = imagePath,
+      Model = "invalid",
+      IncludeMask = false,
+      Output = "output.png",
+    };
+
+    var result = settings.Validate();
+
+    result.Successful.ShouldBeFalse();
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Validate_WhenCalledAndSettingsValid_ItShouldReturnSuccess()
+  {
+    var imagePath = $"{Guid.NewGuid()}.png";
+
+    using var testImage = new Image<Rgba32>(100, 100);
+    testImage.SaveAsPng(imagePath);
+
+    var settings = new RemovalCommand.Settings()
+    {
+      Image = imagePath,
+      Model = "u2net",
+      IncludeMask = false,
+      Output = "output.png",
+    };
+
+    var result = settings.Validate();
+
+    result.Successful.ShouldBeTrue();
+
+    File.Delete(imagePath);
+  }
+
+  public void Dispose()
+  {
+    Dispose(true);
+    GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+  }
+
+  protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+  {
+    if (_isDisposed)
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (disposing)
+    {
+      _console.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    _isDisposed = true;
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/RmbgModelTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class RmbgModelTests
+{
+  private readonly byte[] _sampleModelBytes = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+  private readonly RmbgModel _sut;
+
+  public RmbgModelTests()
+  {
+    _sut = new RmbgModel(_sampleModelBytes);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Id_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnRmbgId()
+  {
+    RmbgModel.Id.ShouldBe("rmbg");
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void InputWidth_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturn1024()
+  {
+    _sut.InputWidth.ShouldBe(1024);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void InputHeight_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturn1024()
+  {
+    _sut.InputHeight.ShouldBe(1024);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void RedNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.RedNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.485f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void GreenNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.GreenNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.456f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void BlueNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.BlueNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.406f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void RedNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.RedNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.229f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void GreenNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.GreenNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.224f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void BlueNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.BlueNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.225f);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/SharpImageTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class SharpImageTests : IDisposable
+{
+  private bool _isDisposed;
+  private const int DefaultWidth = 100;
+  private const int DefaultHeight = 200;
+  private readonly MemoryStream _sampleStream;
+
+  public SharpImageTests()
+  {
+    _sampleStream = new MemoryStream([0x01, 0x02, 0x03]);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalled_ItShouldSetProperties()
+  {
+    var image = new SharpImage(DefaultWidth, DefaultHeight, _sampleStream);
+
+    image.Width.ShouldBe(DefaultWidth);
+    image.Height.ShouldBe(DefaultHeight);
+    image.Data.ShouldBe(_sampleStream);
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(1, 1)]
+  [InlineData(1920, 1080)]
+  [InlineData(int.MaxValue, int.MaxValue)]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalledWithDifferentDimensions_ItShouldSetCorrectValues(int width, int height)
+  {
+    var image = new SharpImage(width, height, _sampleStream);
+
+    image.Width.ShouldBe(width);
+    image.Height.ShouldBe(height);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalledWithNullStream_ItShouldThrowException()
+  {
+    var action = static () => new SharpImage(DefaultWidth, DefaultHeight, null!);
+
+    action.ShouldThrow<ArgumentNullException>();
+  }
+
+  [Theory]
+  [InlineData(0, 0)]
+  [InlineData(-1, -1)]
+  [InlineData(1, -1)]
+  [InlineData(-1, 1)]
+  public void Constructor_WhenCalledWithInvalidDimensions_ItShouldThrowException(int width, int height)
+  {
+    var action = () => new SharpImage(width, height, _sampleStream);
+
+    action.ShouldThrow<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>();
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Data_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnSameStreamInstance()
+  {
+    var stream = new MemoryStream();
+    var image = new SharpImage(DefaultWidth, DefaultHeight, stream);
+
+    image.Data.ShouldBeSameAs(stream);
+  }
+
+  public void Dispose()
+  {
+    Dispose(true);
+    GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+  }
+
+  protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+  {
+    if (_isDisposed)
+    {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (disposing)
+    {
+      _sampleStream.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    _isDisposed = true;
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Unit/U2NetModelTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Tests.Unit;
+
+public class U2NetModelTests
+{
+  private readonly byte[] _sampleModelBytes = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+  private readonly U2NetModel _sut;
+
+  public U2NetModelTests()
+  {
+    _sut = new U2NetModel(_sampleModelBytes);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void Id_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturnU2NetId()
+  {
+    U2NetModel.Id.ShouldBe("u2net");
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void InputWidth_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturn320()
+  {
+    _sut.InputWidth.ShouldBe(320);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void InputHeight_WhenCalled_ItShouldReturn320()
+  {
+    _sut.InputHeight.ShouldBe(320);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void RedNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.RedNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.485f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void GreenNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.GreenNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.456f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void BlueNormalizationMean_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.BlueNormalizationMean.ShouldBe(0.406f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void RedNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.RedNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.229f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void GreenNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.GreenNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.224f);
+  }
+
+  [Fact]
+  public void BlueNormalizationStd_WhenCalled_ItShouldHaveCorrectValue()
+  {
+    _sut.BlueNormalizationStd.ShouldBe(0.225f);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console.Tests/Usings.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
 global using BGR.Console.Common;
+global using BGR.Console.Removal;
+global using BGR.Console.Removal.ImageSharp;
+global using BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
+global using BGR.Console.Removal.Onnx;
 global using BGR.Console.Resources;
 
 global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 global using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+global using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 
 global using Moq;
+
+global using SixLabors.ImageSharp;
+global using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+global using Spectre.Console;
+global using Spectre.Console.Cli;
+global using Spectre.Console.Testing;

src/BGR.Console/BGR.Console.csproj

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <InternalsVisibleTo Include="$(AssemblyName).Tests" />
+    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="DynamicProxyGenAssembly2" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

src/BGR.Console/Common/HostBuilderExtensions.cs

@@ -2,10 +2,22 @@ namespace BGR.Console.Common;
 
 internal static class HostBuilderExtensions
 {
-  public static CommandApp BuildApp(this IHostBuilder builder)
+  public static CommandApp<RemovalCommand> BuildApp(this IHostBuilder builder)
   {
     var registrar = new TypeRegistrar(builder);
-    var app = new CommandApp(registrar);
+    var app = new CommandApp<RemovalCommand>(registrar);
+
+    app.Configure(static c =>
+      c.SetExceptionHandler(static (ex, resolver) =>
+      {
+        var logger = resolver?.Resolve(typeof(ILogger<RemovalCommand>)) as ILogger<RemovalCommand>;
+        logger?.RemovalCommandFailed(ex);
+
+        var console = resolver?.Resolve(typeof(IAnsiConsole)) as IAnsiConsole;
+        console?.WriteLine($"[red]An error occurred while executing the command:[/]");
+        console?.WriteException(ex, ExceptionFormats.ShortenEverything);
+      })
+    );
 
     return app;
   }

src/BGR.Console/Logging/LoggerExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+using ILogger = Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILogger;
+
+namespace BGR.Console.Logging;
+
+internal static class LoggerExtensions
+{
+  private static readonly Action<ILogger, Exception> RemovalCommandFailedMsg = LoggerMessage.Define(
+    LogLevel.Error,
+    new EventId(0, nameof(RemovalCommandFailed)),
+    "An error occurred while executing the command."
+  );
+
+  private static readonly Action<ILogger, string, long, Exception> TimeAndLogActionMsg = LoggerMessage.Define<string, long>(
+    LogLevel.Information,
+    new EventId(0, nameof(TimeAndLogAction)),
+    "{Message} in {ElapsedMilliseconds}ms"
+  );
+
+  public static void RemovalCommandFailed(this ILogger logger, Exception ex)
+  {
+    RemovalCommandFailedMsg(logger, ex);
+  }
+
+  public static async Task TimeAndLogActionAsync(this ILogger logger, string message, Func<Task> action)
+  {
+    var sw = new Stopwatch();
+    sw.Start();
+    await action();
+    sw.Stop();
+    TimeAndLogActionMsg(logger, message, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, default!);
+  }
+
+  public static async Task<T> TimeAndLogActionAsync<T>(this ILogger logger, string message, Func<Task<T>> action)
+  {
+    var sw = new Stopwatch();
+    sw.Start();
+    var result = await action();
+    sw.Stop();
+    TimeAndLogActionMsg(logger, message, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, default!);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public static void TimeAndLogAction(this ILogger logger, string message, Action action)
+  {
+    var sw = new Stopwatch();
+    sw.Start();
+    action();
+    sw.Stop();
+    TimeAndLogActionMsg(logger, message, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, default!);
+  }
+
+  public static T TimeAndLogAction<T>(this ILogger logger, string message, Func<T> action)
+  {
+    var sw = new Stopwatch();
+    sw.Start();
+    var result = action();
+    sw.Stop();
+    TimeAndLogActionMsg(logger, message, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, default!);
+    return result;
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console/Program.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ try
     .ConfigureServices(static (_, services) =>
     {
       services.AddSerilog();
+      services.AddSingleton(AnsiConsole.Console);
       services.AddSingleton<IResourceManager, ResourceManager>();
+      services.AddSingleton<ImageProcessor, ImageSharpProcessor>();
+      services.AddSingleton<IInferenceRunner, OnnxInferenceRunner>();
+      services.AddSingleton<IModelFactory, ModelFactory>();
     })
     .BuildApp()
     .RunAsync(args);
@@ -35,200 +39,3 @@ finally
 {
   await Log.CloseAndFlushAsync();
 }
-
-if (args.Length < 1)
-{
-  Console.WriteLine("Usage: BackgroundRemover <input_image_path>");
-  return;
-}
-
-var inputImagePath = args[0];
-var maskImagePath = Path.ChangeExtension(inputImagePath, null) + "_mask.png";
-var outputImagePath = Path.ChangeExtension(inputImagePath, null) + "_no_bg.png";
-
-try
-{
-  var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
-  var resourceName = "BGR.Console.Resources.Files.rmbg.onnx";
-
-  using var stream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName) ?? throw new FileNotFoundException("Model not found in embedded resources.");
-  var modelBytes = new byte[stream.Length];
-  stream.ReadExactly(modelBytes);
-
-  using var image = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(inputImagePath);
-  var inputTensor = CreateTensorInput(image);
-
-  using var options = new SessionOptions() { LogSeverityLevel = OrtLoggingLevel.ORT_LOGGING_LEVEL_ERROR };
-  using InferenceSession session = new(modelBytes, options);
-  var inputs = new List<NamedOnnxValue>()
-  {
-    NamedOnnxValue.CreateFromTensor(session.InputNames[0], inputTensor),
-  };
-
-  using var results = session.Run(inputs);
-  var outputTensor = results[0].AsTensor<float>();
-
-  using var mask = GenerateMask(outputTensor, image.Width, image.Height);
-
-  using var bgRemoved = GetImageWithBackgroundRemoved(image, mask);
-
-  var encoder = new PngEncoder { CompressionLevel = PngCompressionLevel.BestCompression };
-
-  await mask.SaveAsync(maskImagePath, encoder);
-  await bgRemoved.SaveAsync(outputImagePath, encoder);
-
-  Console.WriteLine($"Background removed and saved to {outputImagePath}");
-}
-catch (Exception ex)
-{
-  Console.WriteLine($"Error: {ex.Message}");
-  throw;
-}
-
-static Tensor<float> CreateTensorInput(Image<Rgba32> image)
-{
-  // U2Net expects input images to be 320x320. This is dependent on the model.
-  const int targetWidth = 1024;
-  const int targetHeight = 1024;
-
-  // ImageNet normalization parameters
-  // source:
-  // - https://www.image-net.org/
-  // - https://pytorch.org calculated these values from the ImageNet dataset
-  // and they are commonly used for models trained on ImageNet so we use them here
-  // to normalize the input image to better match the distribution of the data the model was trained on
-  // NOTE: These values are not universal and may vary for different models
-  const float rMean = 0.485f;   // Mean value for Red channel
-  const float gMean = 0.456f;   // Mean value for Green channel
-  const float bMean = 0.406f;   // Mean value for Blue channel
-  const float rStd = 0.229f;    // Standard deviation for Red channel
-  const float gStd = 0.224f;    // Standard deviation for Green channel
-  const float bStd = 0.225f;    // Standard deviation for Blue channel
-  const float pixelMax = 255f;  // Maximum pixel intensity for normalization
-
-  // Create a temporary image for preprocessing
-  using var resized = image.Clone();
-  resized.Mutate(x => x.Resize(targetWidth, targetHeight));
-
-  // Create tensor of shape (1, 3, 320, 320)
-  // 1 for batch size, 3 for RGB channels, 320x320 for image dimensions
-  DenseTensor<float> tensor = new([1, 3, targetHeight, targetWidth]);
-
-  // Normalize pixel values and copy to tensor
-  WalkImage(resized.Height, resized.Width, (x, y) =>
-  {
-    var pixel = resized[x, y];
-
-    // u2net expects expect input images to be normalized using ImageNet mean and std
-    // to better match the distribution of the data the model was trained on
-    // Normalize to range [0, 1] and standardize using ImageNet mean/std
-    // The tensor is filled with normalized pixel values
-    tensor[0, 0, y, x] = ((pixel.R / pixelMax) - rMean) / rStd; // Red channel
-    tensor[0, 1, y, x] = ((pixel.G / pixelMax) - gMean) / gStd; // Green channel
-    tensor[0, 2, y, x] = ((pixel.B / pixelMax) - bMean) / bStd; // Blue channel
-  });
-
-  return tensor;
-}
-
-static Image<Rgba32> GenerateMask(Tensor<float> maskTensor, int width, int height)
-{
-  var mask = new Image<Rgba32>(width, height);
-
-  var sourceHeight = maskTensor.Dimensions[2]; // Height of the original tensor mask
-  var sourceWidth = maskTensor.Dimensions[3];  // Width of the original tensor mask
-
-  using Image<Rgba32> tempMask = new(sourceWidth, sourceHeight);
-
-  // Sigmoid function parameters
-  const float sigmoidScale = 1f;    // Scaling factor for sigmoid activation
-  const float sigmoidShift = 1f;    // Shift factor in the denominator of the sigmoid function
-  const float sigmoidDivisor = -1f; // Multiplier for the exponent in the sigmoid function
-
-  static float CalculateSigmoid(float x)
-  {
-    return sigmoidScale / (sigmoidShift + MathF.Exp(sigmoidDivisor * x));
-  }
-
-  const float binarizationThreshold = 0.5f; // Threshold to determine foreground vs. background
-  const float normalizationFactor = 2f;     // Scales the thresholded value to enhance contrast
-
-  // Pixel intensity values
-  const byte maxIntensity = 255;  // Maximum grayscale intensity
-  const byte opaqueAlpha = 255;   // Fully opaque alpha value
-
-
-  WalkImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, (x, y) =>
-  {
-    // a sigmoid function is a function that produces an S-shaped curve
-    // it is often used in machine learning and statistics to model probabilities
-    // the sigmoid function is defined as:
-    // f(x) = 1 / (1 + e^(-x))
-    // where e is the base of the natural logarithm and x is the input value
-
-    // the raw tensor values for our mask are going to be real unbounded numbers
-    // i.e. -1.5, 0.5, 2.0, etc.
-    // the sigmoid function will map these values to a range between 0 and 1
-    // this allows us to say that value closer to 0 is background and value
-    // closer to 1 is foreground
-    var sigmoidValue = CalculateSigmoid(maskTensor[0, 0, y, x]);
-
-    // now we want to threshold the sigmoid value to determine if it is foreground or background
-    // we are arbitrarily choosing 0.5 as the threshold. so if the sigmoid value is greater than
-    // 0.5 we will consider it foreground and if it is less than 0.5 we will consider it background
-
-    // when a sigmoid value is greater than 0.5 we will subtract the threshold from it
-    // and multiply it by 2 this way the intensity value will be larger for values closer to 1
-    // and create more contrast in the mask
-    var normalizedValue = sigmoidValue > binarizationThreshold
-        ? (sigmoidValue - binarizationThreshold) * normalizationFactor
-        : 0f;
-
-    // Convert to an 8-bit grayscale intensity
-    var intensity = (byte)(normalizedValue * maxIntensity);
-
-    // Store the pixel with full opacity
-    tempMask[x, y] = new Rgba32(intensity, intensity, intensity, opaqueAlpha);
-  });
-
-  // Resize the mask to match the target dimensions
-  tempMask.Mutate(x => x.Resize(width, height));
-
-  // Copy the resized mask to the final output image
-  WalkImage(height, width, (x, y) => mask[x, y] = tempMask[x, y]);
-
-  return mask;
-}
-
-static Image<Rgba32> GetImageWithBackgroundRemoved(Image<Rgba32> image, Image<Rgba32> mask)
-{
-  Image<Rgba32> result = new(image.Width, image.Height);
-
-  const byte alphaThreshold = 20;
-  Rgba32 transparentPixel = new(0, 0, 0, 0);
-
-  WalkImage(image.Height, image.Width, (x, y) =>
-  {
-    var sourcePixel = image[x, y];
-    var maskPixel = mask[x, y];
-
-    var alpha = maskPixel.R;
-
-    result[x, y] = alpha > alphaThreshold
-      ? new Rgba32(sourcePixel.R, sourcePixel.G, sourcePixel.B, sourcePixel.A)
-      : transparentPixel;
-  });
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-static void WalkImage(int height, int width, Action<int, int> action)
-{
-  for (var y = 0; y < height; y++)
-  {
-    for (var x = 0; x < width; x++)
-    {
-      action(x, y);
-    }
-  }
-}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/IImage.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,5 @@ internal interface IImage
 {
   int Width { get; }
   int Height { get; }
-  void Resize(int width, int height);
-  IPixel GetPixel(int x, int y);
+  Stream Data { get; }
 }

src/BGR.Console/Removal/IInferenceRunner.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Removal;
+
+internal interface IInferenceRunner
+{
+  ITensor<float> Run(byte[] model, ITensor<float> inputTensor);
+}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/IPixel.cs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-namespace BGR.Console.Removal;
-
-internal interface IPixel
-{
-  float R { get; }
-  float G { get; }
-  float B { get; }
-}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/ITensor.cs

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ internal interface ITensor<T>
   int Width { get; }
   void SetValue(int batch, int channel, int y, int x, T value);
   float GetValue(int batch, int channel, int y, int x);
-}
+  Tensor<T> ToTensor();
+}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/ImageProcessor.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ namespace BGR.Console.Removal;
 
 internal abstract class ImageProcessor
 {
+  public abstract Task<IImage> LoadImageAsync(string path);
+
   public abstract Task<ITensor<float>> CreateTensorInputAsync(Stream image, Model model);
 
-  public abstract Task<Stream> GenerateMaskAsync(OnnxTensor maskTensor, int width, int height);
+  public abstract Task<Stream> GenerateMaskAsync(ITensor<float> maskTensor, int width, int height);
 
   public abstract Task<Stream> RemoveBackgroundAsync(Stream image, Stream mask);
 
+  public abstract Task SaveImageAsync(Stream image, string path);
+
   protected static void WalkImage(int height, int width, Action<int, int> action)
   {
     for (var y = 0; y < height; y++)

src/BGR.Console/Removal/ImageSharp/ImageSharpProcessor.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,26 @@ namespace BGR.Console.Removal.ImageSharp;
 
 internal class ImageSharpProcessor : ImageProcessor
 {
+  public override async Task<IImage> LoadImageAsync(string path)
+  {
+    var image = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(path);
+
+    if (image.Metadata.DecodedImageFormat is null)
+    {
+      throw new InvalidOperationException("Image format is not supported.");
+    }
+
+    var stream = new MemoryStream();
+    await image.SaveAsync(stream, image.Metadata.DecodedImageFormat);
+    stream.Position = 0;
+
+    return new SharpImage(image.Width, image.Height, stream);
+  }
+
   public override async Task<ITensor<float>> CreateTensorInputAsync(Stream image, Model model)
   {
     using var resized = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(image);
+
     resized.Mutate(x => x.Resize(model.InputWidth, model.InputHeight));
 
     const int batchSize = 1;
@@ -22,7 +39,7 @@ internal class ImageSharpProcessor : ImageProcessor
     return tensor;
   }
 
-  public override async Task<Stream> GenerateMaskAsync(OnnxTensor maskTensor, int width, int height)
+  public override async Task<Stream> GenerateMaskAsync(ITensor<float> maskTensor, int width, int height)
   {
     using var mask = new Image<Rgba32>(width, height);
 
@@ -45,12 +62,16 @@ internal class ImageSharpProcessor : ImageProcessor
 
     var stream = new MemoryStream();
     await mask.SaveAsync(stream, new PngEncoder());
+    stream.Position = 0;
 
     return stream;
   }
 
   public override async Task<Stream> RemoveBackgroundAsync(Stream image, Stream mask)
   {
+    image.Position = 0;
+    mask.Position = 0;
+
     var imageWithBg = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(image);
     var maskImage = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(mask);
     using var imageWithBgRemoved = new Image<Rgba32>(imageWithBg.Width, imageWithBg.Height);
@@ -72,9 +93,18 @@ internal class ImageSharpProcessor : ImageProcessor
 
     var result = new MemoryStream();
     await imageWithBgRemoved.SaveAsync(result, new PngEncoder());
+    result.Position = 0;
+
     return result;
   }
 
+  public override async Task SaveImageAsync(Stream image, string path)
+  {
+    image.Position = 0;
+    var img = await Image.LoadAsync<Rgba32>(image);
+    await img.SaveAsync(path, new PngEncoder());
+  }
+
   private static float Normalize(float value)
   {
     const float binarizationThreshold = 0.5f;

src/BGR.Console/Removal/ImageSharp/SharpImage.cs

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
 namespace BGR.Console.Removal.ImageSharp;
 
-internal class SharpImage(Image<Rgba32> image) : IImage
+internal class SharpImage : IImage
 {
-  private readonly Image<Rgba32> _image = image;
+  public int Width { get; }
+  public int Height { get; }
+  public Stream Data { get; }
 
-  public int Width => _image.Width;
-  public int Height => _image.Height;
-
-  public void Resize(int width, int height)
+  public SharpImage(int width, int height, Stream data)
   {
-    _image.Mutate(x => x.Resize(width, height));
-  }
+    if (width <= 0)
+    {
+      throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(width), "must be greater than 0");
+    }
 
-  public IPixel GetPixel(int x, int y)
-  {
-    return new SharpPixel(_image[x, y]);
+    if (height <= 0)
+    {
+      throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(height), "must be greater than 0");
+    }
+
+    Width = width;
+    Height = height;
+    Data = data ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
   }
 }

src/BGR.Console/Removal/ImageSharp/SharpPixel.cs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-namespace BGR.Console.Removal.ImageSharp;
-
-internal class SharpPixel(Rgba32 pixel) : IPixel
-{
-  private readonly Rgba32 _pixel = pixel;
-
-  public float R => _pixel.R;
-  public float G => _pixel.G;
-  public float B => _pixel.B;
-}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Models/IModelFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
+
+internal interface IModelFactory
+{
+  Model Create(string resourceName);
+}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Models/ModNetModel.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
 
-internal class ModNetModel : Model
+internal class ModNetModel(byte[] modelBytes) : Model(modelBytes)
 {
+  public const string Id = "modnet";
   public override int InputWidth => 512;
   public override int InputHeight => 512;
   public override float RedNormalizationMean => 0.485f;

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Models/Model.cs

@@ -11,18 +11,28 @@ internal abstract class Model
   public abstract float RedNormalizationStd { get; }
   public abstract float GreenNormalizationStd { get; }
   public abstract float BlueNormalizationStd { get; }
+  public byte[] Bytes { get; } = [];
 
-  public float NormalizeRed(float value)
+  internal Model()
+  {
+  }
+
+  protected Model(byte[] modelBytes)
+  {
+    Bytes = modelBytes;
+  }
+
+  public virtual float NormalizeRed(float value)
   {
     return Normalize(value, RedNormalizationMean, RedNormalizationStd);
   }
 
-  public float NormalizeGreen(float value)
+  public virtual float NormalizeGreen(float value)
   {
     return Normalize(value, GreenNormalizationMean, GreenNormalizationStd);
   }
 
-  public float NormalizeBlue(float value)
+  public virtual float NormalizeBlue(float value)
   {
     return Normalize(value, BlueNormalizationMean, BlueNormalizationStd);
   }

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Models/ModelFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
+
+internal class ModelFactory(IResourceManager resourceManager) : IModelFactory
+{
+  private readonly IResourceManager _resourceManager = resourceManager;
+
+  public Model Create(string resourceName)
+  {
+    var resource = _resourceManager.GetResource(resourceName);
+    var model = new byte[resource.Length];
+    resource.ReadExactly(model);
+
+    return resourceName switch
+    {
+      $"{U2NetModel.Id}.onnx" => new U2NetModel(model),
+      $"{RmbgModel.Id}.onnx" => new RmbgModel(model),
+      $"{ModNetModel.Id}.onnx" => new ModNetModel(model),
+      _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Unknown model name: {resourceName}")
+    };
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Models/RmbgModel.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-
 namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
 
-internal class RmbgModel : Model
+internal class RmbgModel(byte[] modelBytes) : Model(modelBytes)
 {
+  public const string Id = "rmbg";
   public override int InputWidth => 1024;
   public override int InputHeight => 1024;
   public override float RedNormalizationMean => 0.485f;

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Models/U2NetModel.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
 
-internal class U2NetModel : Model
+internal class U2NetModel(byte[] modelBytes) : Model(modelBytes)
 {
+  public const string Id = "u2net";
   public override int InputWidth => 320;
   public override int InputHeight => 320;
   public override float RedNormalizationMean => 0.485f;
@@ -10,4 +11,4 @@ internal class U2NetModel : Model
   public override float RedNormalizationStd => 0.229f;
   public override float GreenNormalizationStd => 0.224f;
   public override float BlueNormalizationStd => 0.225f;
-}
+}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Onnx/OnnxInferenceRunner.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Onnx;
+
+internal class OnnxInferenceRunner : IInferenceRunner
+{
+  public ITensor<float> Run(byte[] model, ITensor<float> inputTensor)
+  {
+    using var options = new SessionOptions() { LogSeverityLevel = OrtLoggingLevel.ORT_LOGGING_LEVEL_ERROR };
+    using var session = new InferenceSession(model, options);
+    var inputs = new List<NamedOnnxValue>()
+    {
+      NamedOnnxValue.CreateFromTensor(session.InputNames[0], inputTensor.ToTensor()),
+    };
+
+    var results = session.Run(inputs);
+    var outputTensor = results[0].AsTensor<float>();
+    return new OnnxTensor(outputTensor);
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console/Removal/Onnx/OnnxTensor.cs

@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
 namespace BGR.Console.Removal.Onnx;
 
-public class OnnxTensor(
-  int batchSize,
-  int channels,
-  int height,
-  int width
-) : ITensor<float>
+public class OnnxTensor : ITensor<float>
 {
-  private readonly DenseTensor<float> _tensor =
-    new([batchSize, channels, height, width]);
+  private readonly Tensor<float> _tensor;
 
   public int Height => _tensor.Dimensions[2];
 
   public int Width => _tensor.Dimensions[3];
 
+  public OnnxTensor(
+    int batchSize,
+    int channels,
+    int height,
+    int width
+  )
+  {
+    _tensor = new DenseTensor<float>([batchSize, channels, height, width]);
+  }
+
+  public OnnxTensor(Tensor<float> tensor)
+  {
+    _tensor = tensor;
+  }
+
   public void SetValue(
       int batch,
       int channel,
@@ -34,4 +43,9 @@ public class OnnxTensor(
   {
     return _tensor[batch, channel, y, x];
   }
+
+  public Tensor<float> ToTensor()
+  {
+    return _tensor;
+  }
 }

src/BGR.Console/Removal/RemovalCommand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace BGR.Console.Removal;
+
+internal class RemovalCommand(
+  IModelFactory modelFactory,
+  ImageProcessor imageProcessor,
+  IInferenceRunner inferenceRunner,
+  IAnsiConsole console,
+  ILogger<RemovalCommand> logger
+) : AsyncCommand<RemovalCommand.Settings>
+{
+  private readonly IModelFactory _modelFactory = modelFactory;
+  private readonly ImageProcessor _imageProcessor = imageProcessor;
+  private readonly IInferenceRunner _inferenceRunner = inferenceRunner;
+  private readonly IAnsiConsole _console = console;
+  private readonly ILogger<RemovalCommand> _logger = logger;
+
+  public override async Task<int> ExecuteAsync(CommandContext context, Settings settings)
+  {
+    await _console.Status()
+      .Spinner(Spinner.Known.Dots)
+      .SpinnerStyle(Style.Parse("green"))
+      .StartAsync("Removing background...", async ctx =>
+      {
+        ctx.Status("Loading model...");
+        var model = _logger.TimeAndLogAction(
+          "Loading model",
+          () => _modelFactory.Create(settings.ResourceName)
+        );
+
+        ctx.Status("Loading image...");
+        var image = await _logger.TimeAndLogActionAsync(
+          "Loading image",
+          async () => await _imageProcessor.LoadImageAsync(settings.Image)
+        );
+
+        ctx.Status("Creating tensor input...");
+        var inputTensor = await _logger.TimeAndLogActionAsync(
+          "Creating tensor input",
+          async () => await _imageProcessor.CreateTensorInputAsync(image.Data, model)
+        );
+
+        ctx.Status("Running inference...");
+        var outputTensor = _logger.TimeAndLogAction(
+          "Running inference",
+          () => _inferenceRunner.Run(model.Bytes, inputTensor)
+        );
+
+        ctx.Status("Generating mask...");
+        var mask = await _logger.TimeAndLogActionAsync(
+          "Generating mask",
+          async () => await _imageProcessor.GenerateMaskAsync(outputTensor, image.Width, image.Height)
+        );
+
+        ctx.Status("Removing background...");
+        var output = await _logger.TimeAndLogActionAsync(
+          "Removing background",
+          async () => await _imageProcessor.RemoveBackgroundAsync(image.Data, mask)
+        );
+
+        if (settings.IncludeMask)
+        {
+          await _logger.TimeAndLogActionAsync(
+            "Saving mask",
+            async () => await _imageProcessor.SaveImageAsync(mask, settings.MaskPath)
+          );
+
+          _console.MarkupLine($"[bold]Mask saved to:[/] [blue]{settings.OutputPath}[/]");
+        }
+
+        await _logger.TimeAndLogActionAsync(
+          "Saving output",
+          async () => await _imageProcessor.SaveImageAsync(output, settings.OutputPath)
+        );
+
+        _console.MarkupLine($"[bold]Output saved to:[/] [green]{settings.OutputPath}[/]");
+      });
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  internal class Settings : CommandSettings
+  {
+    private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> Models = new()
+    {
+      { RmbgModel.Id, "rmbg.onnx" },
+      { ModNetModel.Id, "modnet.onnx" },
+      { U2NetModel.Id, "u2net.onnx" },
+    };
+
+    [CommandArgument(0, "<image>")]
+    [Description("Path to the image file whose background you want to remove")]
+    public string Image { get; init; } = string.Empty;
+
+    [CommandOption("--model|-m")]
+    [Description("The model to use for background removal")]
+    public string Model { get; init; } = "rmbg";
+
+    [CommandOption("--include-mask|-i")]
+    [Description("Generate and output the mask used for background removal")]
+    public bool IncludeMask { get; init; } = false;
+
+    [CommandOption("--output|-o")]
+    [Description("Path to output image without background to. File extension will always be .png")]
+    public string Output { get; init; } = string.Empty;
+
+    public string ResourceName => Models[Model];
+
+    public string MaskPath => GetOutputPath("_mask");
+
+    public string OutputPath => GetOutputPath("_no_bg");
+
+    public override ValidationResult Validate()
+    {
+      if (File.Exists(Image) is false)
+      {
+        return ValidationResult.Error($"The image file '{Image}' does not exist.");
+      }
+
+      if (Models.ContainsKey(Model) is false)
+      {
+        return ValidationResult.Error($"The model '{Model}' is not supported.");
+      }
+
+      return ValidationResult.Success();
+    }
+
+    private string GetOutputPath(string modifier)
+    {
+      if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Output))
+      {
+        return Path.ChangeExtension(Image, null) + modifier + ".png";
+      }
+
+      return Path.ChangeExtension(Output, ".png");
+    }
+  }
+}

src/BGR.Console/Resources/ResourceManager.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 namespace BGR.Console.Resources;
 
 internal sealed class ResourceManager : IResourceManager

src/BGR.Console/Usings.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+global using System.ComponentModel;
 global using System.Reflection;
 
 global using BGR.Console.Common;
+global using BGR.Console.Removal;
+global using BGR.Console.Removal.ImageSharp;
 global using BGR.Console.Removal.Models;
 global using BGR.Console.Removal.Onnx;
 global using BGR.Console.Resources;
+global using BGR.Console.Logging;
 
 global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 global using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
@@ -20,4 +24,5 @@ global using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Png;
 global using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 global using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing;
 
-global using Spectre.Console.Cli;
+global using Spectre.Console;
+global using Spectre.Console.Cli;